Mbega indwara y’imibembe yoba iterwa n’iki?

Indwara y’imibembe n’indwara yatanguye kwibonekeza kw’isi imyaka 2000, imbere y’uko na Yezu Kristu aza kw’isi. Ni indwara ifata abantu gusa, nticagura urukoba canke imyaka, ikaba kandi iri mu bihugu vyose vyo kw’isi, nk’uko vyashikirijwe na muganga Thadee Ndikumana, mu kiganiro cari categuriwe abanditsi n’abamenyeshamakuru.

Indwara y’imibembe n’indwara isinzikaza cane mu gihe itavuwe kare, na cane cane ko ari indwara ibangamiye ibihugu bikenye. Imibembe ni indwara y’urukoba yandukira biciye mu guhema igaterwa n’umugera bise “Mycobacterium leprae”. Ni ukuvuga ko umuntu ayandura mu gihe amarana umwanya muremure ari kumwe n’uwuyirwaye. Mu mwaka w’1941, akaba ariho yatorwa nk’indwara iterwa n’umugera, ica iratorerwa umuti biciye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe.

Muti none ibimenyetso vy’ivyo ndwara ni nk’ibihe? Nk’uko vyagaragaye ko imibembe ari indwara ifatira k’urukoba, akenshi ikunze kwibonekeza ku maguru, ku maboko no mu maso. Kugira umuntu amenye ibimenyetso vy’imibembe, n’ibara abona k’urukoba atahora abona, rimeze nk’urubando canke nk’igisekera. Uwufise iryo bara ridasa na handi, ntirimubabaza canke ngo yiyagaze kuko aho haba hari iryo bara ata bushobozi bwo kwumva ikintu buba bugihari (insansibilite). Ibindi bimenyetso vy’imibembe, n’igihe umubiri umera nk’uwukongataye, intoke zikadagarara ntizibe zigishobora kwihindukiza, hakajamwo n’ibinyanya kubera ivyo bita ama “nerf” atuma umubiri ukora aba yahagaze.

Ku maso naho, haba ingorane z’uko umuntu bitaba bikimukundira ko aza arakubita ingohe canke ngo yugare amaso igihe abishatse. Imibembe yafatiye mu maguru naho, abayirwaye ibasinzikaza ni ngoga ku bw’imigera ihahurira ari myinshi bigatuma mbere n’amano akoroka k’uwutayivuje kare. Abahinga banonosoye ibijanye n’indwara y’imibembe, bavuga ko uko imigera y’imibembe igenda irarwira mu mubiri, niko n’amabara agaragaza imibembe agenda ararwira ku rukoba, ageze kuri atanu hoho, umuntu akaba yinjiye mu rwego rwo gusinzikara.

Muganga Thadee Ndikumana ahamagarira abantu bose boba batanguye kwibonako ibimenyetso biteye amakenga ku rukoba rwabo kunyarukira kwa muganga, kugira bazibire amazi atararenga inkombe. Mu vyokorwa naho kugira bayirinde, abantu bokwijukira kugira isuku, bakirinda kwegera cane abayirwaye na cane cane ko ari indwara yandukira biciye mu guhema. Ikindi naco, kubamaze kuyandura, bakwiye gufata imiti ukuri kwamye, kugira ntibabandanye basinzikara na rirya Reta y’Uburundi itanga imiti ku buntu, ku mavuriro yose yo mu gihugu ivyo bigatuma ishobora gukira kare mu gihe ivuwe ningonga.

Mwomenya ko hano mu Burundi mu matohoza yakozwe mu mwaka uheze, basanze abafise indwara y’imibembe bagera ku 350 mu gihugu cose. Intara za Bururi Bubanza, Rutana, Makamba na Cibitoke akaba arizo zisinzikaye cane kurusha izindi.